花都地区岩溶发育规律及影响和控制因素调查研究     

董娜 《城市地质》2011,6(1):40-44

本文介绍了区内主要岩溶含水层分布规律、富水性等情况,并分别从岩性、地貌、构造、埋深、地下水活动及古水文网发育状况等方面,分析了其对岩溶发育的影响。  相似文献   

白龙江流域地质灾害特征及勘查思路   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

张茂省  黎志恒  王根龙  赵成  孙萍萍 《西北地质》2011,44(3):1-9

白龙江流域地处青藏高原向黄土高原过渡的斜坡急剧变形带,是我国泥石流、滑坡灾害最为严重的地区之一。“8．8”舟曲泥石流灾难的发生,再次暴露了对地质灾害调查研究程度不高,预警预报能力低,以及风险减缓措施不力的弊端。为了避免类似群死群伤重大地质灾害的发生,应进一步加强调查和研究等基础工作。进一步勘查的思路是：首先是对迭部、舟曲、宕昌、武都、文县、康县等6各县,按照《1：5万滑坡崩塌泥石流灾害调查规范》要求,全面开展调查;二是对危及县城、集镇、重要居民点的地质灾害隐患点,按照规划前期勘查的精度要求,逐一进行勘查;三是针对不同类型的地质灾害发育分布规律、形成机理、成灾模式、监测预警技术、风险减缓措施等问题开展专题研究。  相似文献   

软土地下工程抗震数值模拟的若干关键问题   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

陈之毅  沈昊 《上海国土资源》2011,32(4):83-87

针对我国地下工程建设项目抗震安全性能设计和评估的需求,并基于目前缺少完善的地下结构抗震分析方法和专门的地下结构抗震设计规范的现状,重点阐述了采用有限元方法进行地下工程数值模拟和分析时需要特别关注的三方面问题：计算范围、土一结构动力相互作用和边界条件。着重分析了有限元网格的划分、土一结非线性接触问题和不同边界条件的适用性,以及这些建模条件对计算结果可靠性的影响。对基于数值手段开展地下工程抗震安全性能的计算、分析和评价,制定地下结构抗震设计规范或规程,可提供有益参考。  相似文献   

Burial and degradation of organic carbon in Louisiana shelf/slope sediments     

Troy P. Sampere  Thomas S. Bianchi  Mead A. Allison  Brent A. McKee 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2011

The primary focus of this paper is to better understand carbon burial on the Louisiana continental margin using spatial scales that covered various shelf depositional areas far-field and near-field (sediment and organic carbon inputs relative to river mouth proximity) and covering a variety of sedimentation rates. Box-cores samples were collected in July 2003; cores were collected along two depositional transects extending westward and southward from the Southwest Pass (SW Pass). A key difference between the two transects sampled in this study was the greater occurrence of mobile muds derived from spillover from shallower regions along the westward 50 m isobaths. The dominant mechanism for mixing in the surface active zone (SAZ) on the inner Louisiana shelf was due to physical, not biological, forces. Burial efficiencies for organic carbon (57.2–91.5%) and total nitrogen (44.2–86.9%) ranged widely across all shelf stations. Lower burial efficiencies for bulk organic carbon, total nitrogen, and pigment biomarkers were associated with mobile muds west of Southwest Pass. Chlorophyll a concentrations were significantly higher than pheopigments at depth at the Mississippi River and Southwest Pass stations, making up 40.4 and 77.4% of total pigment concentrations in the (SAZ) and 46.2 and 63.2% in the accumulation zone (AZ), respectively. These results are in agreement with earlier plant pigment studies which showed that a large fraction of the phytodetritus delivered to the inner shelf was derived from coastal and river diatoms. The amount of lignin preserved with depth decreased with increasing residence time in the SAZ and diagenetic zone (DZ) along the canyon transect but not along the western transect. Trends for lignin concentration followed previously identified surface sediment trends indicating overall lower burial of refractory terrestrial material at depth with greater distance offshore.  相似文献   

山东省汶泗河冲洪积平原地下水污染评价与安全供水对策     

徐建国  朱恒华  徐华  张卓  祁晓凡 《山东国土资源》2011,27(5)

在对汶泗河冲洪积平原水文地质条件和污染源现状进行阐述的基础上,对不同含水岩组无机组分指标进行了分析,表明浅层孔隙水和部分地区岩溶裂隙水无机组分含量大幅增高,深层孔隙水无机物含量则变化不大。在有机污染方面,浅层孔隙水有机物检出率26.8%,但含量很低,远未达到饮用水标准限值;岩溶裂隙水有机物检出率46.7%,检出率相对较高,局部地段有机物超标;深层孔隙水有机物基本未检出。该区地下水污染评价结果表明,浅层孔隙水和岩溶裂隙水无机污染呈面状污染特征,且污染程度较重,而有机污染则呈现点状污染特征,且污染程度总体较轻。对研究区地下水污染现状,提出了地下水安全供水对策。  相似文献   

Geomorphic Controls on Historical Channel Planform Changes on the Lower Pages River,Hunter Valley,Australia     

Wayne D. Erskine 《The Australian geographer》2011,42(3):289-307

Historical planform changes in a 14.7 km reach of the lower Pages River were determined to assess whether they were autogenic (inherent in the river regime) or allogenic (driven by external changes) in nature so as to better focus river management activities and river restoration works. A pattern metamorphosis or complete change in river morphology occurred during the February 1955 flood. The peak discharge of this event exceeded the slope and grain size (intrinsic) threshold for braiding, converting the narrow, slightly sinuous stream to a wide, braided-like river. Five subsequent intrinsic threshold-exceeding floods did not cause further bar development because an over-widened channel already existed. Autogenic channel planform changes included sinuosity variations due to lateral migration and pattern metamorphosis due to the exceedance of a discharge–slope–grain size geomorphic threshold. Allogenic channel planform changes included: (1) realignment/channel straightening and artificial cutoffs by river training works; (2) lateral migration by increased bank erodibility due to riparian vegetation clearing; (3) lateral migration by the operation of a transitive geomorphic threshold involving the onset of a flood-dominated regime after 1946 and increased catchment runoff after 1830 due to large-scale clearing of catchment vegetation; and (4) the occurrence of a large flood in February 1955. Multiple forcing factors have clearly caused historical channel planform changes of the lower Pages River, making the design of river management and restoration works a complex matter outside the scope of simple formulaic protocols.  相似文献   

东江流域枯水期最长连续无降水日数的变化特征   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

王兆礼  覃杰香  陈晓宏 《地理研究》2011,30(9):1693-1701

利用1956-2008年东江流域各降雨站点逐日降雨资料,建立枯水期最长连续无降水日数时间序列（LCDD）,采用经验模态分解（EMD）方法分析该序列的多尺度振荡变化及趋势变化,应用Mann-Kendall法识别突变点,采用R／S分析方法探讨变化趋势的持续性特征,并初步分析LCDD变化的可能原因。结果表明：近53年来,最长...  相似文献   

欧洲内河游船业的运营区域与经营策略及其启示     

宋立中  李芬  王会 《世界地理研究》2011,20(2):107-118

随着后工业社会的来临,西方社会形成了普遍的消费主义休闲文化,河流旅游为满足后现代游客追求独特体验的需要提供了一种很好的选择,而游船则是这种旅游方式的有效载体。近年来欧洲内河游船业的经营规模、接待人数和营业收入持续增长。其经营的重点区域在中欧、西欧和北欧。由于竞争激烈,各游船公司针对细分市场不断采取差别化的经营策略。其旅游产品主题化、组合化、多元化,线路设计周密化,服务设施个性化以及运河遗产和货运驳船的适应性再利用等策略,对我国游船业的发展具有重要的参考价值。  相似文献   

Seasonal Changes in Mayfly Communities and Abundance in Relation to Water Physicochemistry in Two Rivers at Different Elevations in Northern Peninsular Malaysia     

Suhaila Abdul Hamid  Mohd Ravi Che Salmah  Hamady Dieng  Abu Hassan Ahmad  Tomomitsu Satho  Fumio Miake 《湿地科学》2011,9(3):240-250

A field study was performed at rivers in Gunung Jerai forest reserve(Kedah,Malaysia) to assess seasonal changes in mayfly community structure and abundance in relation to altitude and water physicochemistry.Rivers at lower(Batu Hampar River) and higher(Teroi River) elevations were visited through dry and wet seasons in September 2007 to August 2008.Monthly visits were made to 20 sites on each river,and water and aquatic insects were sampled using D-pond aquatic nets.Water was warmer,more acid,and more turbid in Teroi River during wet season.Ammonia was the only nutrient exhibiting significant seasonal variations(greater during wet season).Chemical oxygen demand content was higher in Teroi River where biochemical oxygen demand content was low during wet season.Species richness was higher in Batu Hampar River,but displayed seasonal variations only in Teroi River.Among the eight families encountered,Baetidae was the commonest.Baetid abundance was usually high during wet season,and those belonging to the dominant genus(Baetis) were more abundant in Teroi River.Heptageniidae was the second commonest family;its predominant genus,Thalerospyrus was more abundant in Teroi River during dry season.Caenidae,Leptophlebiidae and Oligoneuriidae were only found in Batu Hampar River where their abundances peaked during dry season,i.e.,Habrophlebiodes sp.and Isonychia sp.Ephemerellidae and Teloganodidae occurred only in Teroi River,with the first found only during dry season.Mayflies were recorded under very distinct physicochemical conditions,illustrating their potential usefulness for assessing water quality.Caenids,leptophlebids,oligoneurids ephemerellids and teloganodids seem to be particularly sensitive to temperature,acidity,turbidity,chemical oxygen demand and biochemical oxygen demand,parameters that varied with river altitude.  相似文献   

江苏省煤炭资源现状及开发利用建议          下载免费PDF全文

平立华  孟运平  潘树仁  孙升滨  王可新 《沉积与特提斯地质》2015,(1):109-112

通过对江苏省煤炭资源特征及利用现状分析,在安全、高效、环保优先的前提下,建议选择新兴煤炭地下气化高新技术,开启江苏省煤炭资源开发利用的新模式,详细分析了采用煤炭地下气化高新技术开发利用江苏省煤炭资源的五大优点,为江苏省煤炭资源开发利用探求一条新路子。  相似文献